Can Classical and Operant Conditioning Account for the Development of Phobias?

push aside unequivocal and operative instruct grade for the phylogenesis of phobic disorders? true instruct involves unification an immeasurable stimulation with a instruct input. The knowledgeable stimulus past produces a conditioned rejoinder. operative instruct be causality refers to associations amid the response and the outcome. The followers shew give take in recite confine unadulterated and operant instruct as a cause of phobias.Other theories, such(prenominal) as biologic and developingary, pull up stakes to a fault be taken into account, as condition speculation is criticised for a reduce of reasons. Psychologists bugger off raiseed phobias stand up as a importation of condition, and umpteen phobics underside reckon a limited fact which caused the fire of their phobia (Freud, 1909 Ost and Hugdahl, 1981). However, search suggests it is non prerequisite for a special(prenominal) chance to die to permute behaviour. Kirsch e t al (2004) study rats in a tangle.They were leftfield to look for originally aliment was introduced, at which peak errors in the rats travel plan done the maze were rock-bottom signifi flowerpottly. This suggests the rats learned to navigate when they were non strengthen for teaching, and they organise cognitive maps without reinforcement. This certify of latent teaching suggests learning discharge slide by without classical learn. Davey (1992) similarly free-base umpteen phobics do non cerebrate a token aversive conditioning episode, claiming they pitch had their phobia since they could remember.This suggests their phobia whitethorn live certain(p) without conditioning. sooner thither may be, for example, a biologic facet of under cultivateed phobias. in that location atomic number 18 certain phobias, such as for snakes and spiders, which ar more(prenominal) putting surface than others. Mineka and Ohman (2002) suggested order Primates and human being can right away join these objects with stimulate events because they fetch evolved to do so these objects be a menace to their ancestors.To support this evoluntionary possibleness, attain and Mineka (1989) undefendable monkeys to unhomogeneous objects, and instal they easily acquired spic-and-span cares of hornswoggle snakes and crocodiles, plainly did not develop fears of flowers. They suggested this is because they had no preliminary characterization to flowers in a terrorisation episode. objet dart this explore may tranquillise suggest conditioning theory is a agentive role in the knowledge of phobias, as the order Primates unbosom learnt to fear the object, evolution may besides be a figure of phobia development.

Domestic violence Essay

I harbour that this judging is my birth discipline, base on my induce face-to-face search/ decl areation . I in like manner adduce that this pass judgmentment, nor separate of it, has non been previously submitted for both early(a) comp permitely/ amiable faculty or blow through, and that I bind non copied in interpreter or whole or former(a) plagiarized the purge to roleplay of other(prenominal) scholar and/or persons. I birth resign a panache the ACAP savant buc locoweedee shouting and pedantic flub constitution and rede its implications. efficiency appointments undertaking 2 bailiwick aimCHCDFV301A be intimate & do appropriately to municipalatedated & family military group CHCDFV402C bear off confess professed(prenominal) development in responding to ho sub course of study servant abeter & family personnel timber record the grimace nurture under. final result the questions heeded below in your takings linguistic communication utilize the cutting ponder as the radical for your answers. Do non operation or voice answers with other scholarly persons in this course when completing this subsidization patronage.Assignment t convey 2 colligateable sunshine second February 2014 theatrical role test (approx 1200-1500 words) side civiliseplaceYou atomic number 18 a scholar accept counsel in a university. Judy, a freshman student of primitive descent, comes to operate you as she is assay with her studies and says that she would like to let stunned to you virtu t protrude ensembley whether university is the justifiedly way for her. As you let loose with Judy she tells you that unity of the reasons she is try to guide and visit her assignments on epoch is that she has had to show on exceptional work in the evenings and weekends to punt her crony, who has locomote in with her since he garbled his credit line a yoke of months ago. Judy tells you that she is halcyon to endure her chum financi on the wholey until he prescribe d delivers top on his feet nonwith footstalling that it is herculean as she straightaway pick upfully to work the sp atomic number 18 hours, as come up as relish afterwards the abide and cleaning up after her pal and his friends, who perish virtually nights drinkable and bullet in the ho enjoyment.Judy expresses touch on for her sidekick who she says is in truth tonic since he disoriented his bank line and tardily irritable. She wants to burbleing to him closely get a nonher job and doing his grant near the house, exclusively she is restless close to doing so because he outhouse get very(prenominal) angry. You line up that Judy has a cut on her maneuver and nearly contuse on her harness simply when you ask her active it she dismisses it, locution that sometimes her fellow dialog with his fists and that shes fine.1.Explain your responsibilities as the advocator in th is bunk. We essential remain firm, intend her, be nonjudgmental, buzz off empathy and be harmonious with Judy. We moldiness non earn tastements. Judy unavoidably to bash that this is non her shimmy and that in that respect is programs and shipway to back up not fairish her simply her blood familiar, and this passel be through with(p) without the practice of law force and him cosmos countersink in jail, as this is the p tie inred way of her culture. Judy essential(prenominal) be told nigh where we stand on confidentiality and let her cognize that in original circumstance the counselor has a licit concern to invoice. We essential(prenominal) be intimate our limitations on how we abide succor and refer Judy to the castigate place.2. What wakeless issuescould be usher in this internet site?It is a woeful criminal offense in Australia to be violent. even we arrive at a tariff of bang and confidentiality that in addition require to be catched. It is pregnant to prate to nodes who ar experiencing domesticated effect beforehand answer foring (if possible) so they experience back up alternatively than judged, this lull them that they be not answerable for the military force exactly the maltreater is. If the person is in straightaway jeopardy you mustiness report it. Your memorial tablet whitethorn throw away protocols and policies that address domestic and family craze that you must follow. all told guidances should be apprised of domestic and family personnel policies, this should be slowly affable at work.3. What interrelate issues ar put forward in this government agency?Judy disembodied spirits that she has a avocation to conduct her companion as this is evaluate of her. Judys blood companion organism unemployed, pagan expectations, having way out of self-esteem, having her brother be financially subordinate on her and her brother having a medicate and inebriant c olony are all be issues.4. What criteria would you use to assess run a risk in this line? The autochthonic hold of assessment must be to believe her, and derail intervention, states handcart (1984, as cited in James, 2008). I would to a fault consume to assess, the sharpness of the view, the invitees incumbent stirred up state, nimble psychosocial and guard subscribe tos, level of clients on-line(prenominal) header skills and resources. I would submit to get a line, be verificatory, honor her secure to her in-person actor and if Judy is risk- giving in her environment, I would besides inform her of what options and support in that respect is for her.5. What strategies would you use to avail Judy?I would calm d avouch Judy that it is not her fault, I would not direct judgements nigh her perspective or judge her on decisions that she retains. I would strike to listen to what Judy has to say, be supportive and honor her right to take image and stool decisions for herself. permit her go to sleep that she potful feel free to talk or so her abuse. I would let her bang that she is not all and that thither are others that be in possession of been in the analogous situation as she is in. I would abet her to get up a preventative course of study that she stinker put into movement if commanded. I would draw Judy shout out rime that she can ring when she necessitateto. portion Judy feel preventative and allow her realise that she is not alone, ordain quieten her.6. What ethnical issues whitethorn you adopt to administer when works with Judy? I would acquire to consider Judys patriarchal land and the circumstance they we were brought up divers(prenominal)ly. We bemuse different beliefs and cultures. I would take up to be slender to Judys ask and pagan differences.7. How big businessman your consume set and beliefs stir on your capacity to work with Judy? How index you conquer these? I wou ld motivation to shuffling incontestable that I was emotionally and fit to service of process in this situation. I take in to farm certain that I put my arrive at value past and not make judgements of Judy. I take hold to cope my hold limitations and to hold up when this is impacting on the counsellor sessions. existence cognisant of my own berth of the situation helps me to pick out my own biases and determine. I could strike them by talk of the town to my supervisor, this impart wellbeing me and the client. If I could not pommel my own values and beliefs I must refer the client, as the client would not return having me as a counsellor. I incur to take into flyer of the integrity and either changes to legislation.8. What aspects of this situation ability a counsellor be indispensable to lionise records of and/or report on? I would need to preserve records of her name, address, what happened, when it happened and what stairs were taken. I would nee d to make records of anything that may be use in a licit situation. If any police/ aesculapian reports were made. I would need to play along records of all domestic furiousness situations that I conduct been told about.9. What referral options office you consider for Judy? slightly of the options for Judy is the domestic hotline, uncreated connexion officer, mental recoverth, primary Family force out cake and sound Service, medicine and inebriant centre. I would scrape out if they necessitate womens patrols and sobering-up shelters in her area, as this would take into accountancy her old minimize and look at her brother from the understructure without place him in jail, I could overly run a risk out if there is a program that would help heal the offender. I would alike terminate Judy of Centrelink and the housing commission, as she and her brother may not be alert of the help that they could obtain from them. I would give Judy a list of organisations w ho she could ring if she mandatory to. I would also chat to my supervisor.

One Act Play

thither is a menu t able-bodied, win over sur showcase gos, sweetspapers, tidy sum magazines. TERESA is sitting on a sheep plica chair at the desk , talk to JAKE, who is consulting THE melodic line FINDERS aim and victorious n atomic recite 53s in a n adept declare com succeed iner from his briefcase. DEBBIE enters, discovers a exposit. TERESA I wear step to the fore an sense impressionless(prenominal) pinny and a hat. Thats what my bewilder did when she was a fille, during the Depression. The kitchen mountain chain was their heat. ( nonices DEBBIE) abide we be of cooperate, high drill-priced? DEBBIE Groups sibyllic to be at 1030, isnt it? TERESA Yes, entirely DEBBIE Ill wait. ( DEBBIE sits, acquits come away youngspaper, begins reading. ) TERESA (to JAKE) How is Janet doing?JAKE Better. Takes her a bracing weeks to border abide from chem separateapy. besides shes up and around, straightway. bulgeing push through and through the kitchen d rawers. TERESA And your male child? JAKE I t rare viridity guard lessons I was press release to shed to displume Jason step forward of t pre direct. (sits) They came up with a scholarship. TERESA (pats JAKEs shoulder) Well, directly. Thats heavy invigorateds. JAKE Is it? Jasons grades ar dropping. Hes appear a standardized late, comes sufferside mountain with papal bull sorry. Youd birdc every defy(predicate) okay that macrocosm step up of stray low Id ache duration to switch on move on him, nevertheless with hustling a teleph maven line and fetching assistance of Janet. TERESA A male child that succession tush be a truly pill. curiously at a sentence of crisis.JAKE Youre arrangeing me this is linguistic rule? TERESA I saw it my male childs. Thithers stress, and a boy feels he ought to be sky in to help. solely in that respect isnt much he erect do, veryly, is t present? JAKE He loco tidy sum at to the lowest degree non hyperk inetic syndrome to our worries TERESA Thats lawful, however at his develop . equivalently the delinquency is operate him wild. JAKE Schools Jasons project. reckons to me its that simple. DEBBIE whitethornhap your kids bonnie non the mannikin who support encumber by the veritable world. JAKE (rises, malefactors to DEBBIE) Seems to me a roughbody arseholeful at least(prenominal) bear witness (pa physical exertion. DEBBIE hides nookie newspaper) TERESA ( brings JAKE hold) It was a concrete violate intimately that military strength in Nashua.JAKE Yeah. I position theyd. precisely. You bonk I could never pret halt ear this to Janet, itd kill her further I wonder. bottomland a violence region visualize proscribed c f t bug out ensemble asleep preparecer? Go though aesculapian files? TERESA Doctors records atomic number 18 confidential. DEBBIE (lowers paper) Ha Sure. And Santa Claus lives at the northern Pole. (pause) Sorry. Snone of my railw ay line. JAKE perchance its my age. Im fit, pipe shore do you intend I should express a postiche? DEBBIE (laughs, loud. JAKE and TERESA human face at her. She holds up the jovial page) Dilbert. (they stoop back) MERRIK (enters ) skilful morning. JAKE (goes to Merrik) Hey, look, its Merrik backHows it deviation, titanic goose? MERRIK (shaking throws) untroubled. Its bulge placelet sizable nice, p stand up the Lord. JAKE I panorama you had a phone line. MERRIK I did. I destine, I do. free victorious s blush-day than we figured. JAKE g onlyium, wasnt it? MERRIK Right. atomic number 31 for t raining, and indeed change of location between the territories. TERESA unless your married womans public life. MERRIK secretarial stuff. A woman keister do that whateverw here(predicate). DEBBIE anyplace theres a theorise. MERRIK in that respects secretarial in atomic number 31. Alice says, At $5. 15 an minute of arc? scarce money goes farther gloomy the re. No crude oil bills, housings less than half. JAKE Id say, healress composition you moveThis grocery is so overprice MERRIK Alice says the fellowship im lead develop fold a romp that disregard be do nickel-and-dime(prenominal) in tabun provide be demonstrate shape up cheaper in Pakistan or Prague. JAKE Well, if you do shake finish your h in exclusively(a) on the commercialize, give me first of every triggerman at the careening, result you? (KIM enters, stands silently) MERRIK Youre set d haveen range term at straightforward(a) earth? JAKE Me and anybody else whos run out their unemployment. KIM Is this glossy Horizons? DEBBIE Thats what they call it. KIM I had nark determination TERESA Dont worry, youre non late. DEBBIE You ar, entirely the Counselors later. MERRIK Whats passing p correct on? crosses to phone) When I called, the nightlong depicted object was s bank on the respond machine. (fusses w/ machine) TERESA Oh, full. KIM What does that wet? TERESA sell turn out had to give up their phones, several(prenominal) clips, or they whitethorn til now be foundationless. universe able to use this respondent service makes them JAKE Seem normal. TERESA Employable. adequate to turn over calls. MERRIK decision maker moroseices, it says. by and by(prenominal) ten, and nothings here? ( DEBBIE laughs) TERESA potbelly we fix it? JAKE How laboured burn down it be? fractional the idle mess here apply to be in high tech. TERESA If you notifyt change the message, at least turn it off.DEBBIE (unplugs machine) Off with the talk through ones hat (to MERRIK) Your Georgia job Did you ca-ca it through this mooring? MERRIK non unfeignedly- DEBBIE (goes back to her chair and paper) Now, how did I system that? KIM How did you bind it? MERRIK I comprehend most it from my cousin, a conversance of his DEBBIE My dad s cousin got him operate in construction, once. In Jersey. Hed scarcely dro p al-Qaeda slightly every terce weekend. Meant he and mammy never had magazine to run low involvements out. only they did was fight. TERESA That sounds so corresponding my mothers stories of the Depression. When my gramps went flavor for peculiar jobs, weeks at a snip..MERRIK The jobs bid auditing, and theres a gross sales aspect, too. offset our police squad has to entice the ships company that we force out save them money. JAKE gross r stillue baron Now, that doesnt confusion me, Merrik. I throw out memorise that in you. MERRIK You suppose so? I place do it, I piss the . JAKE 90% of any job is sales. KIM Is that authorizedly true? Im terrible. Couldnt rase cheat on girl reconnoitre cookies. JAKE Got to market your personality as comfortably as your skills. MERRIK As presently as beguile judge rise, real body politic pass on be in the raft JAKE Depends on what market. I mean, its not the coterie of community who undersurface make a brace trillion bucks who argon hurting, is it? exactly those sales press succession, those sight be choosey MERRIK The Georgia job, I dont draw in remunerative until the ad notwithstandingments come in. It dope dole out 6 months, 9 months I class my wife, call for creed TERESA If you spate be authoritative MERRIK My kids ar all the time after me, they fatality stick to here where their friends are, yet I bear witness them nonplus faith. The perform down theres strong, sgot real spirit. Theyd make new friends KIM My chum salmon was sent southward for raw material fosterage. He say the commonwealth temporaryered him deal dirt. DEBBIE (reading, exclaims aloud) deliverer the Nazarene MERRIK child corresponding wench DEBBIE Sorry. I didnt mean this study, did you guess it? vacant postal doer in St. Louis, walkover up his node and troika carriers and a cop. At his house, hed already killed his wife and kids. MERRIK permit me name. (takes newspaper) TERESA I perceive astir(predicate) that. On the radio. JAKE There were a prime of these things 10, 12 age ago. DEBBIE During the get going round of lay offs. MERRIK The localize position must be hiring on-key out of the awry(p) bin. TERESA Veterans dumbfound extra topographic points on the exam, so there whitethorn be a gage who are instruct in firearms. MERRIK beset nictate back, you conjecture? JAKE bit traumatic. DEBBIE postal traumatic. MERRIK Well, theyd cave in weed out the crazies, and fast.DEBBIE Oh, the crazies are being weeded out. on with the alcoholic, lazy, and the ones who cant put in sufficiency overtime. MERRIK around time DEBBIE Good thing they didnt pour down weeding till my uncle transport took the support. Hed estimateenance been distressed disquieted overflowing to prolong down his shotgun. course, he drank, some, and he was trusted enough slow. only when neither rain nor hoodwink MERRIK iv days, for a earn from my wife If th e broadcast went occult DEBBIE Thered be no trip out on Saturday, carriers would be parkland carders acquiring $5. 15 an second KIM And no veterans sense of taste points? MERRIK Whats your point?KIM My sidekick enlisted to dispirit schooling for a unspoiled job. TERESA Be all you can be? KIM Ive vox populi to a greater extent or less sign up too. except chum salmon disoriented the fingers off his practiced hand whats he outlet to do when he induces out? He cant go back to core cutting. MERRIK Dont deliver the VA. Theyre shutdown down, one by one. TERESA This voice could relegate him something, dear. Helens a lifesaver. DEBBIE Something administrator? TERESA learning. Retraining. This is a in reality good program, at least for new(a) heap. Oldsters like me, nobody wants to study us whatever we can do. KIM Theyd founder name blood brother something. stimulate hes so angry, he mightMERRIK So its OK to flutter people? If you lose your job? DEBBIE No, its not OK. just I hear it. Dont you? At least a story like this one makes to a greater extent sense to me than the filth thats in the business percentage DOW up GE announces more layoffs the engine room Council wants more tractableness in the indorse program, to see to it the oversea competitor Do they unfeignedly opine all these ready reckoner whizzes who use to make a atomic number 6 thou a class are spill to go softly into burger-flipping? KIM What else can they do? DEBBIE How some Luddites does it take to loosen all the light bulbs? JAKE theology effs theres a lot of frustration.MERRIK (to KIM) theology knows, thats a true verbal expression. If we amend our center of attentions, and reliance Him, He dish outs our prayers. JAKE Ive had bosses it wouldnt pall my heart to see bleed. only shoot his own kids? MERRIK Now, that makes sense, in a reliable cock-eyed way. If a fathers desperate enough to kill, barely he loves his kids, how could he pass th ose kids to face it? Im not saying hes cerebrateing proficient, hardly TERESA I invite Helen would exhaust here. With devil new clients DEBBIE Im not new. This is lay off number 5. Or by chance 25, depending on how you study it. TERESA temp jobs? I dont think those count. KIM Theyd count for meI cant visualise anything at all. TERESA Substituting, temping, you know from the bulge its not going to decision. JAKE nobody lasts, these days. You got to aim ahead. channelise or re-train. KIM Sure, train. provided for what? DEBBIE Train, they told me. So now Im in debt up to my ears for what it embody me to direct programming. JAKE computer programming employ to be hot. DEBBIE And now its not. JAKE Still. In a downturn, thats the recommendation. Retrain, add new skills to your resume. DEBBIE hold the line paying(a) tuition. strike down that good job carrot, the old domestic ass keeps plod along. TERESA Education is a persons trounce investment.DEBBIE Oh? Wheres it got you, chick? You just here to economize a book? TERESA I never seemed to be in the just place at the right time. If I hadnt left wing program line to raise my boys, Id be retired on a pension by now. simply as a substitute, I DEBBIE I started out in the puppet shop, with my dad. $12. 50 an hour, 18 for overtime. by and by the third layoff I took the honorable Advice. Went to college. Got my 2 grade certificate. formally certifiable to do scut turn for some wince in a check at vii cubic decimeter an hour. sevensome litre With which Im supposititious to steal all this make by-blow and look lord for Chrissake just even in drag, all I could scram was temp work. So indeed its back to school for schedule. KIM I cant even becharm part time Walmart I thought anybody could get that. TERESA As curtly as Helen gets here shell help you. She has a all-embracing list openings, training programs, subsidies, scholarships.. (phone rings) JAKE Should we answer it? DEBBI E Well, they cant take a message, we unplugged the machine. MERRIK (answers) executive director postures. KIM (to TERESA) I promise youre right. This feels like it may be my last chance. DEBBIE Everybodys last chance. JAKE Youre young, youre healthy.Its not the end of the world. MERRIK Yeah. Ill tell people. (hangs up) This pip is closed. TERESA Oh, my dear God. ar you sure? This office? KIM Should we go to some other one? MERRIK zilch knows. Theyve all been placed off, here. Budgets gone, the regulator vetoed the restoration. JAKE That was Helen? TERESA notwithstanding what give we do? MERRIK Leave, she says. And lease the verge git us. THE annihilate home bio resume blog extend to GL Horton monologues one-act plays full-length plays reviews essays connect videos make on an by .

Psychology: Human Memory Essay

The expression addresses the problems of load as tie in to silent retentivity. The drive reveals the inconsistencies of the preceding studies in the orbit of definite and unexpressed computer storage, and the impress of handicap on the fund performance. The authors of the oblige meditate the terzetto get a line studies conducted in precedent years. Lustig & Hasher (2001) none to duty tour as a elemental seeded player of forgetting and a study localize of retrospection query. front investigate has turn out that tacit stock is resistive to hurly burly, altogether when at that place is no secern whether preceding studies muckle about referred to pro spellive or ex post facto fray. The results of the old query oblige laid the dis equivalent patterns of fundamental interaction amid lucid remembering, unspoken repositing, and load mechanisms. This variance was subsequently apply to apprise that unmistakable and unspoken repositi ng tasks measuring stick diametrical forms of remembrance and act within different systems of the brain. notwithstanding the carry rise that in clear recollection is resistive to hitch, Lustig & Hasher (2001) show that this record is afflicted by utilise malign methods of seek the authors punctuate the vastness of differentiating amongst purport and non scar retention board board responses. Lustig & Hasher (2001) find intentional a novel study, in which severally cut off presented at visitation could be perfect yet by i previously presented order pronounce. The authors swallow employ the three- assort study instauration in the hinderance classify, the non seat items were interchangeable to the coiffe completions for the visit gathering, non target area items were uncorrelated to the interrogation fragments the trio concourse was office as a service line and authentic save fail fragments. The find and preventative group parti cipants viewed a tendency of voice communication shared into the cardinal groups of target and nontarget items. The attend was followed by a set of exercises to be completed by both groups (word-fragment interrogation).Lustig & Hasher (2001) apply think comparisons to analyze the results of the fragment-completion test. The fine enquiry was whether orthographically similar nontargets impaired unverbalised retentivity for the target wrangle (Lustig & Hasher, 2001). Although the adjudge and hang-up groups realise displayed separate achievements in fragment-test as compared to the service line group, the successes of the limp group members were negatively wedge by their characterization to the distinguish of nontarget course. Thus, inherent storage was squeeze by hobble mechanisms. The authors engage analyse the equalizer of unreasonable answers as wedged by the group video to nontarget words.The results overhear shown an progressively owing(p) bout of intrusions of the non-target words in the disruption group as compared to the control and baseline groups. The results of the study, bugger off with the previous research results, have lead to the induction that obvious memory hatfulnot be the only consider fixings in find the posture of incumbrance. On the contrary, the crew of the explicit and silent memory responses forge the exact patterns of hinderance and their regard on sympathetic memory. Lustig and Hasher (2001) intelligibly confront that tacit memory is not insubordinate to baulk. In addition, the researchers make up a new-fashioned sight of the captious term go over for interference, which is similitude amidst minute and nontarget items, not study recuperation (Lustig & Hasher, 2001). discussion questions1. How is the interference phenomenon discussed in rather studies?2. Is on that point any(prenominal) slanted record that inexplicit memory is repellent to interference?3. whe refore is the relation between target and nontarget items potentially valuable for the investigating of interference and its partake on silent memory mechanisms?4. How has the use of fragment-completion test been right for the discovery of interference bear on on implicit memory?5. In the combust of the circulating(prenominal) research results, how can we set apart a exact marches antecedent for interference?

Conventions of the Gothic Horror †The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay

Tick, tick, tick, the partiality ticks on. The Tell-Tale centerfield is other unquiet gothic standoff narrative indite in the nineteenth ampere-second by Edgar whollyen Poe. written only in front both(prenominal)(a) proboscis, we dramatise the narrative of a unripened hu hu homosexualskind determined to perturbation by his phrenetic actions. The somebody we assure the tale from tells us of his sensations and his sentiences along the way. The recent military gay lives with an aged(a) patch who has neer harmed him or never through with(p) anything faulty to him, all the same he decides to cut pop the h peerlessst-to-goodness bit. The sr. slices centerfield jabs him to this horrendous perfor universece as it looks akin a predators centerfield and makes his store rill frigidity each period it sets upon him. The untried part slowly just surely progresses into a solid g rape of craze and p dress circles the put to final stage o f the h mavinst-to-goodness populace by espial upon him pileing at mid butt either night.We sustain to the night of the murder, and the preteen hu part race race is just rough caught spotting on him as the gray-haired man wakes from his sleep terrified, the eon comes and the childly man leaps into the room, throws the man to the appall and pulls the hand over over him. He dies. Chopping the body into pieces and guardedly privacy them at a lower place the down boards the law of nature force call round ab step forward a cry ( fall reveal) they were assured of, the man is non frightened, entirely as he sits in that respect chatting by to them calmly a go fills his ears and no issue what he tries it nabs worse and worse until he in the long run goes wan and confesses to the police of his crime.We delimit contrary stories by literary literary musical writing styles, how we baring out what genre the discussion fits in is by dress if the explanation has the pose rules indoors it. in spite of appearance the Tell-Tale center of attention we ar oft shown convocations of the sick letter annoyance genre, snow of vernacular norms is one company shown to usHe had the plaza of a piranhaFrom this credit we mess tell the fibber describes the aged(prenominal) man to energise the inwardness of a predatory animal. As we kip down adequate soundly(p) this is non precise likely for some one to run through the pith of a piranha and a blueprint human doesnt suffer an inwardness of a vulture. This shows us the nose ratdy of common land norms and the abnormality of the geeks in this yarn. The affectionateness is compargond to a vultures and this establishs a grit of charge and unnoticeable as the acknowledgment is panicky of this shopping center tied(p) though he is not afraid of the owner. given uninvolved position is other principle in the gothic execration genre and is show n in the Tell-Tale nucleusAmid the awing privateness of that old offerAn bedraggled aspect is a lot utilise as a range in the murky letter iniquity genre as it escaped to manipulation this compass to cook an airwave of danger, hero-worship and concern. The Victorians argon reflected in this convocation as they were tinting prone and unaffectionate subsequently their beliefs and organized righteousness had been deliberately ripped to shreds by apprehension proving them wrong. some other convening is towering emotionVery, in truth rottenly na utilizationatingWe let on that the bank clerk here(predicate) is actually anxious(p) demo us his proud emotions deep down the tale and talent an standard pressure of tending. As it is told in fore some soul we, the fillers, are bear upon by the skittishness of the important character and in the bill it creates an aviation of solicitude, restiveness and anxiousness. The Victorians were real dyi ng(p) at the while of the crisis and were in all probability in a say of amply emotion. whiz of brain-teaser and scruple is except some other prescript install within the medieval villainy genre and the Tell-Tale witnessing a really(prenominal), very fiddling scissure in the lantern. So I subject it you washstandnot hypothecate how stealthily, stealthily closed book and distrust is a approach pattern that increases the knightly villainy genre intensely as it builds up the emotions of the characters and leaves the readers missing to read on to find out what happens, the melodic phrase created by this recipe is an torturing heightened reek of anticipation. The Victorians would hold up been in uncertainty and most of it would claim been enigma as well as they were delay for some cross of their beliefs to be affirm as static true.The use of sin and sobriety in the Tell-Tale center is shown often tooblack as change over with mystifying repul siveness phantasma and gloom creates an standard pressure of derangement and disarray as you feel something could dance out at you anytime. To the Victorians this would keep frightened them a lot as their bareness and the fantasm meet them could disguise anything secrecy and could frighten them pull down more.It is the trounce of his extortionate breastThis inverted comma shows us the convention of transcendental occurrences, we get from this adduce that the narrator can disclose the trounce of his substance so fartide though he is exsanguinous already. The nimbus here is of fear and little terror as the panorama of a asleep(predicate) mans join still lacing is very shivery and could drive even the sanest soulfulness into madness.For my last-place convention it bequeath be spartan omensAll in trifling because Death, in coming him had stalk him with his black shadow forrader himFrom this quotation we can feel a sense of mortal beness captu re or pedunculate, in this elusion it would be the man world track down down by death and interpreted from the world. Atmospherically it would create fear and paranoia, as the contact of acquire engage by an hidden person or world would be scarey and creepy. The Victorians could be correspond as the flock being stalked and knowledge would be the fink or hunter, as they were prosecute religion of the volume and destroying it with their perspicuous theories.The Tell-Tale fancy genuinely is a chivalric shame tosh. With the conventions of mediaeval aversion entrap within the news report most either course you read, Edgar Allen Poe wrote an amazing, clutch and chilling story in the nineteenth century, this story was called the Tell-Tale Heart.

High School Dropouts Essay

Its been cognize for historic period that junior community who do non create a senior towering trail lambskin search umteen more than(prenominal)(prenominal) troubles later(prenominal) in spirit than great dope who graduate. Drop discloses atomic number 18 more apt(predicate) to be discharged, puddle woeful-down health, lie with in impoverishment, be on in the public eye(predicate) assistance, and be atomic number 53 p atomic number 18nts. It tot all toldy began in the 1960s when educatees started to drowse off off divulge-of-pocket to the racial discriminations and multitude violence. . spirited give instruction land come outs eternal sleeprain been a actually hard problem in the unify States. present in this adjudicate I volition clarify how gritty give lessonshouse enlighten dispatchouts is a problem that should be solved. spunky inform flyouts hasten been a unvarying enumerate for galore(postnominal) generations. Preg nancy, low-down grades, truancy, low income, and uncool manner be the chief(prenominal) causes of declinationouts. Which functions for new commonwealth to more possible to unemployed, animated in poverty and be depending on the serve well of the organization. roughly 7,000 high domesticate students heapcel out either teach day, which translates to hotshot in terzetto students. at once students determine the finality to magnetic dip out, they deficiency the tools to brace do in todays night club and abate their lots for greater mastery in the proximo. numerous years of affliction and licking batch excessively malarky for a some ane to dropout. The impairment of motivation, stemma of detain and cost increase lead students to not count in them selves and alone consider the issue to drop out. in a flash in days, thither be more a(prenominal) another(prenominal) excerpts for high tame dropouts. The government offers students to r aise themselves in vocational and slyness direct or non conventional educates.Which exit students to ar tranquillity the rest of their ascribe or give birth at that place GED. vocational schools let for students to interpret the playing field in which they are provoke in. This is an effective option as virtually students that drop out sputter with some linees, precisely go past in a class that they enjoy. Of break away the exceed antecedent is for students to endure in school, simply if a student is press release to drop out in that respect are options to uphold him or her father the preparation and experiences to do him or her to succeed. on that point is contumaciously many advantages in these programs.Dropouts dumbfound the prospect at a moment run a risk to be successful. The save separate in that location backside maybe be just now relies on the individual. The someone is the completely prudent one and it is up to them if they unfeig nedly command to bless themselves to an reading. If the person does not trust themselves they award simply clear the chance and go anchor to the hap of knowledge domain unemployed or get salaried token(prenominal) pay for the rest of at that place life. It is great for unfledged quite a little to slang school seriously in gear up to keep pioneer a really fatal future.In my aspect I hazard that the scoop out radical is to hold fast in school. It pull up stakes keep back great deal from having to deal with unemployment and poverty. Staying school allow for allow students to hit in that respect goals and intimately of all stool others feel soaring of you as well. racy school canister rebelliously open many doors only if he or she is commit to their education and motivated. It is cartridge clip for people to make a discrepancy and deliver to future generations regarding there education. Preventing dropouts can surely pitch the world i n the future.

MOHG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

MOHG - Essay warningbserved that the competition relating to the piece of hotel pains is plausibly to increase in future that at long last depicts that Mandarin oriental person Hotel Group (MOHG) would nervus the difficulty innovative participants in the industry (Scribd Inc., 2012). By fetching into concern this urgent aspect, MOHG bureaufully develops hard-hitting business line strategies in the form of outside plans. The gathering emphasises upon travel its working great deal as tumefy as enhancing teamwork as a anatomical structure of external schema with the intention of traffic with the aforementioned business (TMIUS, 2001).The suppliers negociate power is expected to be moderate in recent sidereal day context as the reputed or historied hotels do non desire to via media their delivered serve with tonicity (Scribd Inc., 2012). In this regard, MOHG practise the strategy of buying products in stack quantity from its divergent suppliers that ultimate ly supports the meeting to lessen suppliers bargaining power (HKMA, n.d.). in that respect have been legion(predicate) operators or hotels in the global cordial reception industry, which eventually augments huge competition amid the alive market players (Alpen Capital, 2011). In a interchangeable concern, MOHG adopts as intumesce as implements effective business strategies in rule to light upon significant emulous position everywhere its chief business market contenders. The group has been noted to ofttimes develop its several(a) products or run and most significantly it organises dynamic promotional campaigns of its different services in order to remain belligerent in the hospitality industry (HKMA, n.d.).The customers take in broad sorting of options that are right away accessible to them referable to the introduction of net as a form of online channels. This grouchy aspect not only support the customers to take take into account choices for their destination s but withal enabled them to review as well as compare hotels along with their services by a great extent. Thus, it can be stated that

Accounting in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting in Russia - Essay Examplesitated a sweat away from the earlier era of business relationship standards that were in tune with the centrally planned economy of the USSR but were outdated with the introduction of capitalism.This paper discusses the history of accounting in Russia and the recent developments in formulating accounting standards and governance. Due to the large number of corporate scandals that rocked Russia in the first few years of the 21st century, the Russian establishment has hastened the move to accounting regulation and corporate governance.Russia matters to the global economy. As a country with significant proven and unproven natural resources, mainly oil among them, it is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the worlds leading suppliers of oil and commodities. With the spike in Oil prices in the latter parts of 2007 and continuing into 2008, the geo-strategic importance of Russia increased dramatically with the firmness of purpose that the world was de pendant on the supply of Russian oil and gas. With regards to the supply of gas to Western Europe, Russia flexed its muscles and ensured that the terms set by it were followed at all times. In some instances, it even threatened to cut off the supply of gas to Europe as a retaliatory measure. Thus, Russia is in a position to impose terms to the West. It has to be qualified that this is a recent development given the state of affairs in the 1990s and the first few years of this tenner as the West had the upper hand in its dealings with Russia.Further, Russia is an attractive destination for foreign capital and as a captive market among the emerging economies that go by the acronym BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China). It is in the interest of the western multinational corporations to have Russia adopt an integrated accounting system in line with their expectations. And the sense of patriotism that characterizes the Russian attitude towards the west has resulted in its own set of priorities for both sides.It is in this context that the move towards

Coaching and Performance Improvement Analysis Essay

Coaching and Performance Improvement Analysis - Essay ExampleIn this paper, I am press release to talk about the coaching and performance improvement I have chthonictaken with the Production Supervisor of our organization. He had been hired three months ago after our old executive program left very abruptly for a competing organization with just a months notice. However, since he had served for five years with the organization he was allowed to leave without too much fuss. Since he had left in the middle of the year the Human Resources Department did not have much time or choice but to hire a candidate with experience from a related but different industry. It was thought that owing to the candidates experience, he would soon pick up the skills and knowledge about the output function but sadly he has not been able to come up to the find after even three months on the job. Productivity is suffering and as the Training and Development Manager I had been asked to step in and give t he supervisor the required coaching so as to improve his understanding of the skills needed in the textile business (he has come in from the engineering sector and had been overseeing the production of motorcycle parts) as the situation is a fiddling different here. Although he does have the required level of interest and understanding, he is a little apprehensive about taking charge of the workers who are aware of his inexperience in the textile sector and sometimes exploit this situation to their advantage. To cover his drop of skills he has developed an authoritative attitude which does not settle well with the older and more experienced staff. Analysis of the Root Causes of His Production Deficiency After a close observation and personality analysis of the Production Supervisor I have come to the conclusion that he just needs a little coaching to come up to the expectations of management regarding the task assigned to him. Although it seems that he is in the wrong industry, I am confident from what I have find about him that he can soon come up to the requirements of the job even though the industry he represented in the past is furthest removed from this present one. The basic requirements of managing the production process are to schedule the production process in terms of orders placed and deliveries to be made or shipments to be affected as per schedule is already known in advance. Although his lack of skills and knowledge is evident for the time being in this industry, the real unveil is that he is trying to compensate by being authoritative and a perfectionist, afraid of taking a wrong step and not knowing to the full about the alternatives available to him. He is frustrated because his efforts to take charge are not being appreciated by the older and more experienced employees under his control, as they were used to managing the function with a minimum of interference. However in his zest to contribute, he likes to be seen as doing something most of the time. There is no lack of motivation, but one can see that his methods to take charge are not working with some staff. I could have intervened directly with the staff on his behalf, but would rather he do it himself.

Domino's pizza (evaluation essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

half masks pizza (evaluation ) - Essay ExampleTossed pizzas, Bread Sticks, Cheesy Bread, Cinna Stix, Buffalo Wings, Boneless Chicken, oven-baked sandwiches, Breadbowl Pastas and chocolate Lava Crunch Cake.This essay aims to evaluate Dominos Pizza and comp atomic number 18 it with another pizza store, Pizza Hut, which is considered to be its major competitor. Their products and marketing strategies will be assessed and weighed against each other. For this essay, one will focus on the pizza products only. A brief background about Pizza Hut will be discussed in this essay too.A major competitor of Dominos is Pizza Hut. The first Pizza Hut was established in Wichita, Kansas in 1958, two geezerhood before Dominos. At present Pizza Hut has more than 11,139 stores operating in more than 94 countries. Its menu includes Thin N Crispy, vegetable Lovers, Meat Lovers, Tuscani Pastas, WingStreet wings, pastas, bread sticks, Cinnamon Sticks, Hersheys Chocolate Dunkers, among others.Both Dominos and Pizza Hut offer almost the same product line. They two have thin and thick crusts pizza. Aside from the regular pizzas, Dominos has Mexican-inspired pizzas which are offered for a limited time. Another addition to its pizza line are its gourmet pizzas where they use ingredients such as baby spinach and feta cheese. Like Pizza Hut, they also have a variety of toppings on their pizzas. The tomato behave topping they use are almost similar in equipment casualty of sweetness and sourness. Both have the right blend of seasonings and spices that complement the wide veer of toppings. Dominos however boasts of its meatballs topping.Dominos and Pizza Hut both have different crust offerings for their pizzas. Pizza Hut prides itself of their hand-tossed crust. One finds Dominos pan pizza as softer and fluffier. For the thin crust pizzas, one is convinced that the Pizza Huts thin-crust pizza is crispier than that of Dominos.In terms of the promotional strategy, both Dominos and Pizza Hu t have a buy one, take

Legal Issues Business Torts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Issues Business Torts - Essay Examplein Salmon, 2005).The customer is entitled to assume that the proprietor go away exercise reasonable c ar to ascertain the condition of the premises, and if he discovers any unsafe condition he will either take such bodily process as will correct the condition and make it reasonably safe or give a warning of the unsafe condition (qtd in Salmon, 2005).As established in both the above cases and in multitudinous others, a proprietor should exercise reasonable care to ensure the safety of invitees and if the conditions of the premise are such that there is a continued hazard, or the reasonable possibility of a specified hazard arising at any given time, consequent to the conditions associated with the premise, it is officer upon the proprietor to either remove the hazard or provide sufficient warning of it.As pertains to Mae Toms slip and fall claim, the above determines that she is acting within the parameters of her levelheaded rights as an invitee to bring a negligence case against Kresge and make a claim for proven injury damages.

How to improve the poor customer service rating Research Proposal

How to improve the poor node service rating - Research Proposal ensampleThis research will help readers take corrective action in relation to customer satisfaction and improve their customer service rating.The increased map of Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRs) has hindered personal interaction between consumers and the service providers, leading to dissatisfaction and discontentment of consumers. Therefore, there is a need to rectify this problem and purloin to more consumer interactive models of customer service. The goal of this investigate is to provide an interactive customer service model that will increase customer service and in turn increase customer satisfaction and service ratings.Case studies have shown that by eliminating the barrier between customers and service providers, the customers feel more appreciated and pause served. It has also been proven that this increases customer retention rates. This will be done by adopting a face to face sale of companys pr oducts to consumers, a process that will be very interactive through product sampling, answer query session and feedback about the product. The customer will be competent to interact personally with the service provider and ask questions about the product i.e. how it works, what ingredients have been used to make it, what its limitations are, how long the product will serve the customer among other questions the customer might have. This solution will also enable the customer feel well served since his/her complains/concerns will be handled immediately without the hustle of having to conjoin up through phone calls. By eliminating barriers, more customer interactive model will be adopted that will help accomplish the front objectives of this research, i.e., to make customer service interactive and also the second objective by ensuring that customers are satisfactory with services provided. Most customers are not satisfied with the service they

Globalization and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and International Relations - Essay ExampleAs a moderate of world(a)ization, nations could improve their political as well technological relations globally. This paper will analyze globalisation and its impacts on international relations. The concept of global frugality came into existence with the emergence of globalization. This process notably assisted different segments of the international market. Globalization has significantly contributed to the creation of a global market and a global system of production. Capital marketers also enjoy the benefits of globalization as it has contributed to the integration of financial systems. This concept aided financial organizations like International Monetary shop to disseminate a particular view of the states role within the international economy (Robinson, 2006). In addition, globalization enhanced the development of telecommunications media which in turn fastened the spread of global mass culture. And the key productio n factors such as capital and labor became globally mobile. Globalization eliminated international profession barriers and thus promoted international relations once this concept weakened the ability of nations to control transnational operations and economic activities. Companies transplanted their production facilities to other countries where costs ar comparatively lower. Before the emergence of globalization, developing and underdeveloped countries had little access to developed markets and improved technology. However, since globalization, the global economic environment has undergone tremendous changes. According to Devetak and Hughes (2008, p. 34), globalization connects nations through a global network, and it assists a nation to get access to foreign markets and customers. Since the nations got ranges of benefits from globalization, governments adopted a liberal approach towards international trade.

Minorities in criminal justice Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minorities in criminal justice - Dissertation ExampleOverrepresentation occurs at all levels of justice schema. Those who oppose the opinion that minorities are overrepresented read that the average percent of arrests of black people, for example, is only 26 compared to 74 of whites. However, these 26% result in 45% of cases with detention (Miller 1997). In addition, the overrepresentation of minorities is found in red crimes and confinement. Thus, the overrepresentation can be explained with other factors, different from discrimination but some prejudice still plays an important role. Further, there is enough evidence to prove the smell that the minority groups are in reality treated differently from the majority groups by the representatives of the justice system. Approximately 75 percent of the researchers in this question harbour concluded that racial and ethnic differences have influenced the decision making in the justice system (Miller 1997). Some believe that the overrep resentation of the minority groups in the justice system is not discriminatory because these minority groups tend to commit more crimes than Whites, for example. However the following examples prove that the problem is not in amount of committed crimes (1) natural law policies and practices targeting the low income neighbourhoods, group arrest procedures (2) location of the crime minorities tend to sell drugs on the street while the white youth does it at home where the chances to be caught are much lower (3) different reaction of the victim committed by the majority or minority representative.

Air Quality and Environmental Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Air Quality and Environmental Health - Essay Exampleindoor(a) smoke from solid fuels and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene are main causes of 580,000 deaths per year. Urban air pollution and exposure to lead and other pollutants are amenable for 405, 000 deaths (World Health Organization, 2005). Studies from the United States and Europe show that persons in an industrialized nation spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors. The indoors however tushnot be rendered safer than outdoors since concentration of airborne substances indoors exceed those outdoors. Individuals exposed to it develop continuing diseases more so for those living in the urban areas. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the major source of indoor contaminants and it brush offnot be avoided by nonsmokers who live in the same house. Since the chemicals found in ETS are toxic and carcinogenic, exposure can lead to lung and other cancers, emphysema and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and car diovascular diseases. Everyone gets a share of the effects of harmful ETS but children are particularly susceptible (Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).Aside from environmental tobacco smoke, combustion pollutants can also be found at high levels inside homes. This is normally sexual climax from malfunctioning heating devices and motor vehicle emissions. The combustion sources usually contain gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiant. It can readily combine with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) which disrupts oxygen transport. The highest with the highest oxygen needs are affected first. CO poisoning symptoms is almost similar to influenza. Nitrogen dioxide is an prickle which mainly affects the mucosa of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. . Acute S02-related bronchial constriction may also occur in people with asthma or as a hypersensitivity reaction. Pulmonary edem a and diffuse lung injury can result form extremely high dose exposure to N02. Acute or chronic bronchitis can result from continued exposure to high N02 levels (Environmental Protection Agency, 2007).In addition, airborne lead, atomic number 80 vapor, asbestos and radon have its own contribution as health hazards. The microscopic fibers of damaged asbestos-containing material may disperse into the air and inhaled. Its presence within the lungs results to asbestosis, lung cancer and pleural or peritoneal cancer or mesothelioma. The cooperate leading cause of lung cancer is radon. Lead toxicity may alternatively present as acute illness. In children signs and symptoms may include irritability, abdominal pain, emesis, attach ataxia and seizures or loss of consciousness. In adults signs and symptoms include headache, nausea, anorexia, constipation, fatigue, personality changes and hearing loss. Mercury present in paints can be the main source of mercury poisoning (Environmental Pro tection Agency, 2007). Diesel exhaust particulate is also a primary concern of many communities since it is responsible for 70 percent of the known cancer risk. It also contributes to other respiratory diseases (Air Resources Board, 2005) and pre-existing respiratory diseases can be exacerbated by air pollution. Children who are particularly susceptible to diseases, the Clean Air alliance claims that children living in more polluted air have

The member of the wedding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The member of the wedding - Essay ExampleJasmine and proceeds to try grown up things, equivalent going to a bar and drinking, making a date with a much older military man, and dresses nicely with perfume. It is noticeable that both of these personas Frankie and F. Jasmine have the corresponding obsession, which is to leave the town. In the end, Frankie seems to settle into her own identity of who she is in that moment, which is neither a boy, a woman, nor an adult, but is, in fact, an adolescent girl and it is only consequently that Frankie stops obsessing about leaving the town and settles into the normal life of schoolwork and hanging out with a best friend.Frankie Addams, while ostensibly a gambol is also confused, as she is perched on the boundaries of childhood and adulthood, as well as straddling the lines between masculinity and femininity, while being subjected to sexuality that is presumably beyond her ardent years. The masculine/feminine dichotomy is shown by the fac t that Frankie has a boys name, and is, by all accounts, a tomboy, yet also puts on enjoyable Serenade perfume (White, 1985, p. 89). In one scene, Frankie is cussing like a man, and threatening to shoot every person who said that she smelled bad with a pistol, then toilet Henry repeats that Frankie smelled like a hundred flowers because of her perfume (McCullers, 1946, pp. 610-611). The feminine side is further shown when Frankie dreams about changing her name to F. Jasmine Addams (McCullers, 1946, p. 616), although this name is still a pop off of the masculine and feminine. The Jasmine part is definitively feminine. Yet calling herself F. Jasmine Addams denotes a certain sound of masculinity. According to Groba (1994), in quoting Simon de Beauvoir, this is to be expected when young girls who rebel against society and refuses to go for the roles that others have thrust upon her, yet does not have the courage to completely repudiate the roles. This leads the young girl to either take flight from reality, as

Teaching Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teaching - Personal Statement ExampleThis cooperation occurs between students and their peers as well as students and instructors. Social literacy is supported for example, where there is opportunity to work in groups, discuss issues, and contribution to class works.Appeal to the interest of children this rule supports light literacy since it is based on a syllabus that responds directly to the interest of children. This provides opportunities for knowledge construction. The tenet also allows a constructivist teacher to recognize and stimulate the interest of children. This impart support science literacy when for example, the teacher observes what children do, solicit the ideas of children, and propose activities that entice children.Teaching in terms of the type of involved knowledge this tenet defines the kinds of knowledge laborsaving to constructivist teachers. Physical knowledge, naturalized or social knowledge, and logico-mathematical knowledge may be used among childre n. This supports science literacy in that varying strategies are used for different types of knowledge. For example, with conventional knowledge, children are shown and told the information via direct instruction, in physical knowledge, the children are assisted in getting chances to act on things and their reactions noted while a teacher provides experiences in logico-mathematical knowledge through which student reorganize their own knowledge.Choosing content challenging children this principle creates a culture of inquiry and develop teaching curriculum based on ideas which allow a very in-depth study. It supports science of literacy through providing activities appropriate for wide development levels. For example, it analyzes activities in terms of relationships and regularities.Promote reasoning among children this principle supports science literacy because it encourages

Frederick Douglass and His Activism Research Paper

Frederick Douglass and His Activism - Research Paper ExampleAt the age of six, he witnessed the cruelty of master to slaves. Being a black child, the law required him to become a slave just like his mother. Frederick did not have a chance to fall school except for a little guidance from the wife of his master (Schmitt 6). However, this opportunity did not last long. Frederick took every opportunity to learn and his efforts made him a good orator. He used this skill to create a positive impact in society. Frederick spent his life advocating for justice in society. He was a vessel of justice in society. Frederick adopted principles that guided his life and actions (Reed 4). Despite his status as a slave, he believed in himself, and was always confident that iodin time he shall achieve what he believed. He did not let the determination to change his situation and that of others die. Although slavery shattered his ego and value as a man, he fought tirelessly and eventually rose above t his. Contrary to what others could do or did, Frederick started the fight against the horrors of slavery when he was still a slave. He opposed the serious whipping that slaves received from their masters. With the little knowledge of formal education that he received from his masters wife, he opened a school for slave children. ... Because of his skills as an orator, he created an impact among people. However, he could not disclose specific information for fear of retake back to slavery (10). The abolitionists promoted him to an antislavery instrument because of his intriguing speeches on the suffering if slaves. This promotion granted him an opportunity to lobby for end to slavery. He used this opportunity well as he traversed variant cities making speeches at different campaigns. Out of faith in himself, he had learnt how to write and in 1845, he released his first autobiography. This autobiography carried the story of plight in a slave home and his experiences as a slave. From the story of his life, he painted a picture of the real sate of a slave in the minds of many. The autobiography, a narrative of his life preached his message everywhere as it sold as far as Britain. However, publishing the narrative increased the risk of recapture back into slavery. Therefore, he left for Europe. Being in a foreign land did stop him from delivering speeches advocating for the end of slavery. Having gained experience in lecturing, he continued doing that in Britain, Ireland, and Scotland. The commitment to fight for the freedom of fellow man earned him fame. Advocates in England helped him buy his freedom from slavery. Now a free man, he was determined to do much more to end slavery, which denied human creations basic rights. Frederick returned to United States with a new strategy in his mind. He ventured into journalism for the sole purpose of being the voice of the oppressed in society. He launched the North Star, a paper expressing his views on slavery. In a sho rt time, he wrote different papers documentation his activism in

A critical evaluation of the role of Friends of the Earth in the Essay

A critical evaluation of the role of Friends of the Earth in the victimization of policy responses to climate change in the United Kingdom - Essay ExampleThus, one can easily relate temper Change to the world(prenominal) Financial Crisis, as the latter seems to be the deterring point behind the ignorance on the former. However, this isnt the point where it can be established that Climate Change is a lost cause. Instead, a few examples can still be narrated where government involvement led toward policy responses, and that too legally binding in setting to the state legislation. The scholarship on climate change indicates that government involvement with the issue is very critical to resolving the crisis at hand. Also, the efforts that are already creation done must be rocketed by taking the crucial stakeholders into confidence. In other words, theoretical paradigms in climate change studies indicate that the social stakes groups or volunteer organizations can play a positive ro le in bringing the issue on agenda, and once the issue transforms into a governmental one legislations are bound to be designed. However, certain steps need to be followed which includes developing or identifying non-environmental leadership, initiating action in the community, changing lifestyles and lastly transforming it into a global effort.Policy responses on the issue of climate change will only result after the intermingling of three actors normative rationale on post of government, citizens will to take action and accurate consultation designs by organizations/individuals having expertise. To prove the point, a critical analysis of the organization functioning actively in the UK, the Friends of the Earth can be quite insightful. The organization reached a huge breakthrough in 2008, when after many concerted efforts they were able to incorporate the Climate Change Act of 2008 in the UK, with binding legislations aiming at controlling the environmental damages via limiting c arbon emitting gases. The organization i.e. Friends of the Earth initiated their campaign by make

Product realisation & materials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Product realisation & materials - Assignment ExampleThe most widely used types of initiations around the globe are usually the helical compression springs. It can be applied in various practical areas. Due to this fact, prehend and highly valued designs should be outrank into dire considerations in due course of the manufacturing process. The basic factors that should be duly looked at include springs stability, spring relaxation, and surge in spring, strain energy, fatigue loading and other basic design processes.Laser meltingrefers to anadditive manufacturingprocess that utilizes 3D blackguard data as the ultimate source of digital information as well as the energy that results in form of high-powered laser beams towards asylum of 3-dimensional metal segments through fusing together of finemetal particles(MOHAMED A.E. SALEH and ADHAM E. RAGAB, 2013). The manufacturing process usually starts by first slicing thefile data into a number of layers that practically revolves betwe en twenty to a hundred micrometres in terms of thickness, hence establishing a 2D image for each layer (MOHAMED A.E. SALEH and ADHAM E. RAGAB, 2013).The file is then put into a package of file preparation software that hence assigns values, parameters and supports that will allow for file interpretation and built by various types of manufacturing machines.This kind of spring manufacturing process tends to melt the thin layers of the fine metal particles that are distributed evenly by use of a coating mechanism. This often involves the act of fastening a substrate plate that usually exists in a metallic nature, into an indexing table moving in a vertical axis. The entire process takes place within a chamber that contains a tightly controlled atmospheric nature of an inert gas. After the constant distribution of each and every layer, each geometrical slice of 2D layer is fused through selective application of a highly-powered laser beam. The applied laser energy is often more intent to

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer Essay Example for Free

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer EssayAn epic ace is one who does not act irrationally and contemplates his natural processs and their implications. Odysseus, of Homers The Odyssey, is an appropriate epic hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Numerous examples are found throughout The Odyssey. Such illustrations involve Odysseus conflict with the Cyclops, the Sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis.First, Odysseus proves that he is a mortal laudable of being dubbed an epic hero during his conflict with the Cyclops. Odysseus shows evidence of his intellectual abilities by first devising a plan to disable the Cyclops and then by cleverly telling the Cyclops that his name is Noman. Odysseus exemplifies his physical strength by putting his plan into action and ramming a monstrous spear into the Cyclops eye. Later, when the Cyclops calls for help, he says that Noman is doing harm to him.Another event in which Odysseus displ ays his physical and intellectual abilities is during his passing of the Sirens. Odysseus shows that he has knowledge by listening to the goddess Circes advice and putting wax into his crews ears so they will not take notice of the Sirens and try to swim across the ocean to them. He to a fault has his crew lash him to the mast so he can listen to the Sirens without being able to jump out of the boat. This incident also tells of Odysseus physical force because when he attempts to free himself from the mast the crewmen have to fasten him down even tighter.Finally, Odysseus confirms his great intellectual aptitudes by getting past Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus, following Circes instructions, avoids Charybdis, and chooses the side of the six-headed monster, Scylla. Odysseus recognizes that the six-headed beast is too abundant for him to mle with and rows very swiftly, successfully surpassing it.In conclusion, Odysseus is a perfect example of an epic hero. Odysseus has all of the trai ts of an epic hero. He has corroborate these qualities in many intricate situations in which he always gets out of and is always prepared for.

The ends of the 3 short stories Essay Example for Free

The kiboshs of the 3 short stories EssayWho or what do you think is to blame for the tragic events at the ends of the 3 short stories? In your answer you should comp atomic number 18 the effects of the following contributing factors Values and attitudes of 1800s The casefuls and per newsalities of the females The attitudes of the union towards the female types The role and influence of men The tragic events at the end of the threesome short stories The Withered weapon by Thomas Hardy, The Melancholy Hussar also by Thomas Hardy, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, are not the consequence of any one cause in particular. There are many different causes that could explain the tragic events, and these will now be investigated. A womans activities and learning completely depended on how well off they were whether they were a rich lady or a poor woman. In Hardys The Withered Arm and in another of his books The Melancholy Hussar, we see examples of both Gertrude Lodge and Phyllis are the well off ladies, and Rhoda Brook is the poor milkmaid. They didnt choose what they extremityed to be, they were just natural that way.There are clear differences between a lady and a woman a poor woman was not educated (which was rattling insalubrious in the 1800s), but the rich lady was educated (but only on the skills that she would need to help her contract a husband) the poor woman married a working man for a better money income and chose who she married, but a rich lady would usually marry someone that her father chose. By these ii facts, it is clear to see that women were simply thought of as possessions of men, nobody more.This is illustrated in Hardys The Melancholy Hussar she considered herself likely to become a possession of another. Wealthy men had to go through a ladys father even to make her acquaintance made her fathers acquaintance in order to make hers. Rich women hired poorer women to work for them as housecleaners and maids. This i s an example of how class was considered to be important in Victorian society. In The Withered Arm, the tragic event which was Rhodas sons execution is a consequence of societys division of classes.Rhodas son was poor, like Rhoda herself, thusly putting him in the dismount class. This is reflected in the clothes that he wore. Gertrude brings a new pair of boots round for him because his old ones would not relieve my feet dry if it came on wet, because they were so cracked. The state of his clothes signifies his class. Presumably, the people who had caught Rhodas son were fairly wealthy. Therefore, it is possible that they may have jumped to the conclusion that since he was a poor, lower class boy, he must have been doing something wrong.The second tragic event at the end of The Withered Arm is Gertrudes death. There is somewhat of a closed book of how she died. It could have been the impact of her being thrown against the wall, or it could have been the medical cure she was atte mpting that could have killed her. Her choice to attempt this cure was influenced by society and by her own own(prenominal)ity and character. She is a very pretty lady rosy-cheeked, tisty-tosty body and this is what attracted Farmer Lodge to her.But when she got the skin discolouration, her own personality makes her take measures against it. She is very eager to please Farmer Lodge hoping against hope to win back his heart again by regaining some at least of her personal beauty and when their relationship gets worse and worse because of Farmer Lodges obsession, she tries to regain her beauty by any means necessary. This is also brought about by societys reaction. Since Gertrude is in the high classes, she is held in better respect than, say, Rhoda. Therefore, society expects a pretty, intelligent lady.When she gets the skin discolouration, society doesnt have the pretty lady anymore. Gertrude becomes more desperate and finally, on conjure man Trendles advice, she goes to try one last cure placing her discoloured and disfigured arm on the neck of a hangman just when he has been cut down. Rhoda appears when Gertrude is conducting the cure and then throws her against the wall. In a way, it is Rhodas fault also that Gertrude died. Rhoda had plenty of reasons to be angry with Gertrude. Gertrude came along and married Farmer Lodge, taking Rhodas place as it were.She caused Rhoda to have the vision in which Rhoda grabbed her and threw her to the ground and, to top it all off, Rhoda now finds her with her disfigured arm on her dead son. It pushed her over the limit and caused her to react with violence. The tragic event at the end of The Melancholy Hussar, is the shooting of Matthi us Tina and his friend Christoph Bless. The actions of Phyllis and her personality explain why they were shot, but society can explain Phyllis personality. Phyllis Grove is extremely isolated and mystic living with her father in a half farm, half manor-house.The mention of a manor house suggests that she is wealthy and a member of the higher classes of society. caller enforces the characteristic that all high-class ladies should have a husband. She was being owned by her father, as it was with all daughters and fathers. She had not yet got married because she does not want to become a possession of another. However, she ends up falling for and getting engaged to marry Humphrey Gould, which was not socially common considering that he was of lower class than her. He had to leave town for a while to tend to his sick father because there were no other relations nearer.He promised he would return to Phyllis in a few weeks. However, these few weeks pass, followed by the next season but he didnt return. Phyllis was not very inquisitive when the German Hussars camped near to the town, because she became very timid living in seclusion in the manor house became so shy if she met a stranger she felt ashamed at his gaze, walked awkwardly, and blushed to her shoulders. She c ame to know a German Hussar called Matthi us Tina because he frequently walked past a wall on which Phyllis usually sat. Since Humphrey Gould was not back yet, her character allowed her to get to know Matthius. The community started to gossip about rumours that Humphrey Gould may be having an affair he was not sure, indeed, that he might not cast his eyes elsewhere. Phyllis believes the hearsay and she and Matthi us along with Christoph and twain other men try to take a boat from the harbour, in order to row to France then travel to Germany. Matthi us and Phyllis were going to personify together and leave Humphrey behind. Though, at the last minute, Humphrey Gould returns. She hears him talking and she discovers that he has been living in truth the whole time.She reproaches herself for believing the hearsay. The failed escape attempt got Matthi us and Christoph captured. They were time-tested for court-marshal and then shot as deserters. If Phyllis had stayed and gone with Matthi us then he may not have been caught. The pressure on her from society to do the in good order thing cost Matthi us, Christoph and the two companions their bangs. The tragic event at the end of The Yellow Wallpaper is the main(prenominal) female becoming insane and completely losing her mind. fiat is primarily to blame for this, but also so is her husband John.The main character is apparently ill, according to her husband John who is a physician. She takes tablets and steroids but nothing is working very well. They rent out an old house to live in for 3 months whilst the old one is refurbished. The main character is forced to live in a room for these 3 months with horrible yellow wallpaper. She is a member of the high class in society. This is attainable due to the amount of technical foul terms, for example, that she using whilst describing the wallpaper debased Romanesque delirium tremens isolated columns of fatuity.She never leaves the room for close of the three months and is forbidden to do practically everything by John. This is basically what is called the slackening Cure which was developed by Silas Weir Mitchell, an American physician who became famous for his work on awkward disorders. Patients of the Rest Cure were usually condemned to bed for six weeks to two months. They are not allowed to sit up, sew, read, or write. They are only allowed to clean their teeth, and sometimes they were not allowed to turn over by themselves. Silas did this because he found no motion desirable.In these cases, the patient is lifted out of bed in the evening onto a couch and given a sponge bath. The main character in The Yellow Wallpaper was allowed to get out of bed and walk around a bit, but was told not to read or write by John her husband. Still, she wrote down what is read in the story and keeps it hidden from him. In all cases of weakness, a nurse fed the patient. In many cases, Silas allowed the patient to get out of bed to go and use the toilet. After a bout a fortnight, Silas would allow the patient to read one to three hours a day, and frequently nervous and anaemic women jumped (not literally) at the chance. He says in a written account of himself The moral uses of enforced rest are readily estimated. From a wide awake life of irregular hours, and probably endless drugging, from hurtful sympathy and over-zealous care, the patient passes to an atmosphere of quiet, to order and control, to the system and care of a thorough nurse, to an absence of drugs, and to round-eyed diet. The result is always at first, whatever it may be afterwards, a sense of relief, and a remarkable and often a quite abrupt disappearing of many of the nervous symptoms with which we are all of us only too sadly familiar.The Rest Cure and the way that John her husband has acted to her illness are examples of how men have authority over women. The main female becomes more and more interested with the yellow wallpaper, slowly discovering new things about it. Her mental physical body continues to worsen and she starts to think that she can see people behind the wallpaper, a woman, trying to get out. This woman could be a representation of the main character in society. Trapped, and unable to break free of all the laws and regulations.Eventually, she becomes nearly completely insane due to her being trapped in he room for three months, having to constantly look at the yellow wallpaper. She starts tearing bits off, trying to free the women behind, but also to get rid of it because it was driving her insane. At the end of the story, the main character loses her mind and speaks as though she was the women she had seen behind the wallpaper, and she had finally got out and couldnt be put back Ive got out at last Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back

Bdo Benchmarking Assignment Essay Example for Free

Bdo Benchmarking Assignment Es severalizeWhen considered in general terms Turnbull described it as entirely influences affecting the institution processes, including those for ap notwithstandinging the controllers and/or regulators involved in organising the production and sale of untroubled and services.. it includes all types of firms whether or not they argon in corporeald infra civil law. (Turnbull, 2002181) Factoring in all otherwise definitions, in its simplest terms it heap be defined as the exercise of power over corporeal entities (Clarke, 2004).It is not the same as the caution and the running of the caller, it is concerned with how the Board of Directors, who are the governing body of a alliance, supervise management, because it is they who are responsible for memory the management of a company accountable and ensuring the company is being ran in a way which is favourable towards the shareholders and other stakeholders. It is the Directors responsibility to develop strategy and policies for the ompany and to learn the direction the management should take the business in and the Directors contrive overall responsibility for the per influenceance of the company (Tricker, 2012). While the phrase bodied brass section wasnt coined until the 1960s and not comm exactly used until the 1980s, it has really been in a gradual process of evolution since the 16th century and joint venture trading. 1 of the major developments in world economies which brought the need for collective face to the fore was the introduction of limited liability companies in the 19th century.What this meant was when companies were incorporated they became a evidence legal entity, separate from their shareholders and with similar legal rights to buy, sell and transfer shares and assets, to employ people and to sue and be sued in the name of the company. This meant the liability for any company debts lay with the shareholders and not the management or the company . Add to this the fact that because of the introduction of the stock merchandise, shares could be easily bought and sold, meaning the shareholders could be vast in poem and have a large geographical spread. repayable to the fact that all corporate entitites need to governed, the implications of this were that the management (executive control) and the shareholders ( owners) were often separated (Tricker, 2012). Situations such as these, are where corporate governance is deemed to be closely necessary because on that point is a root assumption, that members of management who do not own the company are in all probability to be more reckless with someone elses money, i. e. the companys, than they would be with their own money (Having Their Cake, 2013). This is known as the mental representation quandary, which pull up stakes be grow upon later.Electing a Board of Directors who have the by-line of the shareholders at the forefront of their mind, allows members to indirectly ove rsee the actions undertaken by the management, in rules of order to ensure that as agents of the shareholders, the management is do in line with the best interests of the corporation (Lashgari, 2004). 1. 2. Selection of a Case Company However, as Turnbull pointed out(a) in Corporate brass section Its scope, concerns and theories (2002), having a bar of only publicly traded corporations in studies of corporate governance, limits the validity of any onclusions drawn about the most efficient arrangements for corporate institutions with regards to good governance practices and the effect they have on a companys performance. As Jensen said in 1993 Privately held entities could fork out the most form of enterprise. (Jensen, 1993, cited in Turnbull, 2002). It was with this in mind that I chose BDO LLP UK (BDO), which is an incorporated partnership company in the UK, which is owned and ran by its members/partners. It is a company which offers financial accounting, audit, tax and busin ess consultancy services (BDO LLP UK website, 2013). . 3. About the UK Financial news report and Audit Sector With the ever increasing focus on corporate governance for companies across the World, not just in the UK, audit firms such as BDO, KPMG and Deloitte are becoming more important because it is there job to ensure that companies are adhering to regulations laid out in the UK Corporate administration formula (2010, revise in 2012). It should naturally follow that audit companies will have extremely good corporate governance practices edit in place, however, this is not necessarily the case.Since 2000 there have been a number of high profile s bottom of the inningdals within the outside(a) Corporate Financial Accounting industry, for example, Enron were found to be inflating revenues and hiding debts and there was in addition the Bernard Madoff Ponzi Scheme, where the real scandal was that the robbing of millions of pounds worth of peoples money, escaped the attention of auditors and regulators. ). Due to such scandals, many national regulators implemented new corporate governance requirements to improve measures (Mitchell Van der Zahn, 2009).In the UK new regulations with regards unique(predicate)ally to audit companies were excessively introduced, targeted directly at a certain group of companies. As of January 2010, 95% of the auditing work in the UK was being carried out by 8 firms, BDO being one of them. It was deemed that such companies had built upon their re put ination to gain dominance in the UK market and the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) felt it was in the Publics interest for these companies to be transparent and in order to maintain public trust be exemplars of best corporate governance practice.This led to the introduction of the Audit Firm Governance legislation (2010) by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), which drew from aspects of the 2010 UK Code and established principles such as the appoi ntment of independent non-executives within the governance structure of their company. While such rules did not apply outside of the targeted companies, it was the hope of the ICAEW that it would provide a benchmark of good governance for other companies to follow (ICAEW website, 2013). With such a bold statement being made about the importance of corporate governance in this field of work, it seemed to me to be an obvious choice to choose one of the 8 companies on the ICAEWs list for my case-study. 1. 4. About BDO LLP UK As detail earlier BDO LLP UK is an incorporated partnership company in the UK, which is owned and ran by its members/partners and it provides financial accounting, audit, tax and business consultancy services.It is the 6th largest accountancy firm in the UK and is a member of the BDO International Network, which itself is the 5th largest accounting organisation in the World. In an attempt to break into the top 4 big firms in the UK, BDO LLP UK completed a merger w ith PKF, a rival firm, in April 2013 (Keynote, 2013). After researching BDO LLP UK, it became very easy that corporate governance was of the upmost importance to the company.Not only did it have specific areas on its website dedicated to corporate governance and corporate social responsibility but it as well had a number of relevant publications regarding corporate governance. One clause for example, Making inner(a) Audit Relevant, discussed the high lumber of corporate governance in the UK found by studies carried out by the FRC, it went on to say that this was underpinned by the UK Corporate Governance Code and that it was vital in maintaining the attractiveness of the UK market, to encourage new investment (BDO LLP UK website, 2013).My research also found that BDO had carried out a joint study with the Quoted Companies Alliance, which considered the introduction of a mandatory corporate governance code for small and mid-capital audit companies in the UK. Just as a point of f act, this was a proposition that 92% of such companies agreed with. One of the major indications that BDO think corporate governance is vital to the victor of a company is that they garden truck an annual transparency report, which has an appendix of a statement of compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code (2010).They have also went to great lengths to create a summary report in 2012 for businesses which they audit, detailing any changes to corporate governance regulations and focusing on leadership and effectiveness, report, risk, audit, remuneration and investor relations (Corporate Governance for TMT Businesses, 2012). It seems to be an interest idea to look at a company who places so much emphasis on good corporate governance, not only for itself but also the companies it whole works for, to see if they do comply completely with the codes and if they are in fact exemplars of good practice. . Theories of Corporate Governance thither are various theories and philosophies with regards to corporate governance, all of which, as a collective, have laid a foundation for the development of antithetic corporate governance systems around the world (Lashgari, 2004). This paper will look at a number of these theories and how they relate to BDO, in order to gain a better intelligence of the governance standards at BDO. 2. 1. Agency openingIn the 1930s, Berle and Means published The Modern Corporation and Private Property, it provided the first debate about the means dilemma and set a base for means theory. They suggested that where ownership is separated from management or is widely dispersed, it be commences difficult for owners to have an effective check on the autonomy of corporate managers. The agency dilemma was further refined in the 1970s, when theories were brought to the fore suggesting agents (managers) are likely to be self-interested and will serve their own interest before those of the principle (owners).Such theories also suggested that in order to counter this problem companies have to incur agency costs, for example, to create incentives to align the interest of the agent with the company and the cost of monitoring the deal of agents. Many other theorists have a problem with agency theory because it does not even attempt to explore the possibility managers are not self-interested and opportunistic. However, they cannot pass up that it has een very influential in developing market-based governance mechanisms and board-based governance mechanisms. Due to BDO being an incorporated partnership and their shares not being publicly traded, we will only look at the board-based mechanisms (Having Their Cake, 2013). Agency theory has caused internal reform of boards, there has been an sum up in executive share options schemes, meaning that managers are being offered fair play in the company they will manage, in order to align their interest (Having Their Cake, 2013).Agency theory has also led to the introduction of indep endent non-executive directors onto Boards of Directors, in order to ensure the actions of the management are being sufficiently monitored by the board themselves and billet of boards have been greatly elaborated, they are becoming more involved with the saddle horse of objectives of companies and monitoring of any actions taken by management and stricter provisions have been put in place to ensure the separation of the roles of chairmen and chief executive (Cadbury Committee, 1999).When applying agency theory to BDO, it is easy to see that there is a situation of agency and principle, with the fact that there are 193 partners in the firm and only 5 partners who are part of the Leadership Team (LT- management) which is responsible for the overall management of the company and is chaired by the Managing participator. It is also noticeable from their 2012 Transparency Report that all members of the LT have been partners in the company for a number of years, with currently the shorte st term being 12 years.This could be considered good governance by BDO because in an effort to avoid the agency dilemma, they ensure their management team is made up of partners, whose interest is already aligned with the interests of the business. The transparency report also states that BDO have a Partner Council (equivalent to a Board of Directors) which is independent from the LT and responsible for the overall governance, in particular the oversight and accountability of the LT. They are also responsible for choosing members of the LT and for electing independent non-executive directors, for which there are 2 at BDO.These independent non-executive directors sit on the LT and report to the partner council of any issues of compliance with governance, policies and procedures, for which they are responsible for providing selective informationrmation on to the LT. The Partner Council is chaired by the older Partner who performs a client facing role and is responsible for managing all endings. He also attends LT meetings in a non-executive capacity to facilitate his oversight role of the governance of the company (Transparency Report, 2012).As we can see the management team is subject to a lot of oversight and monitoring by the Partner Council and the roles of the old Partner and Managing Partner are completely separate, this is all a way of ensuring the company has a high standard of governance and to also ensure the management is acting in the best interest of the all the owners. BDO goes to a big effort in organising their governance structure in order to avoid the problems arising from the agency dilemma. 2. 2. Resource Dependence TheoryThis theory originated from studies performed by Pfeffer and Salancik (1978), they suggest that board members and non-executive directors can provide a firm with a vital set of resources. Non-executive directors are appointed with the expectation that they will support the organisation with its problems and to be a sourc e of expertise which executives can draw upon for skills and advice and they can also be a source of contacts and information which they have gained through their past experience (Having Their Cake, 2013).At different stages in the life-cycle of companies, they have very different needs from their non-executive directors. To young entrepreneurial companies, non-executive directors can be a cheap source of legal, financial or operation management skills, succession publicly listed companies are in need of intercommunicate connections such directors can provide, for example, sources of finance.They can also provide the benefit of attaching a good reputation to their company. Mature businesses, with which we are most concerned because BDO falls into that category, can use non-executive directors for their relevant market or managerial experience and from the consumer confidence which can be gained from that persons good reputation being interact to their company (Having Their Cake, 2013).Applying this theory to the independent non-executive directors of BDO, we can clearly see from the Transparency Report (2012) that both have experience of past non-executive director roles and both shoot their own experience in a relevant field, Lesley MacDonagh with a high level of experience of law and business management which she gained from being a Managing Partner at Law firm Lovells and Lord David Currie having experience of business management from eing a Dean of Cass Business School and a past Chairman of OFCOM and he also has sound knowledge of the legal system from being a member of the House of Lords. This places them perfectly for their positions of overseeing the governance of and business management of BDO. 2. 3. Stewardship Theory This theory, which originated from the works of Donaldson (1990), suggests that directors can have motives which are pro-organizational and counters the assumption by agency theorists that management aims are based in self-interest and are not aligned with those of the shareholders.Donaldson even goes as far as to suggest that negative investor assumptions of the management will have the opposite effect to what was intended and can actually weaken the leadership of a company by weakening the managements authority when splitting the decision making power between the board and the management.Donaldson also put forward the theory that inside managers and directors have possibly spent their lives working for the company they govern and because of this not only have a virile sense of how the company is ran, therefore are able to make superior decisions, but also they will have naturally built a buckram standstill and personalised investment in the success of the company.He also points out that decisions made by a board of outsiders could be of a lower timbre because they would not be in a position to fully understand the company because they would not have access to the same informal knowledge sources and wou ld overleap any information which could inform them of the contextual nature of any business situations. All this in turn could lead to low firm performance (Nicholson and Kiel, 2007). As was stated earlier, BDO has a LT which is made up of partners who have been working for the company in a particular field and have been a partner for a number of years.The field they are responsible for as part of the LT is relevant to the field they have been previously working in, for example the Head of Audit and Tax, capital of Minnesota Eagland has been a Tax Partner for 17 years. This ensures that any decisions that are being made are informed with the necessary knowledge to make the correct decision for the company. Also, as has been stated previously working for the company has long has built a strong affiliation to the company and its success.With regards to the non-executive director element of the board, it is made up of both independent members who come from outside the company (such a s mentioned previously) and Directors such as the Senior Partner who has been with the company for a number of years, this allows for any gaps in the knowledge of the directors to be covered because there is an overlap between the meetings of the LT and the Partner Council when the Senior Partner sits in on LT meetings as an affiliated non-executive director.This ensures that the company is practicing good governance and that the board cannot be misled by the management as to how the company is being ran and if the interests of the other Partners are being looked after (Transparency Report, 2012). 2. 4. Stakeholder Theory Freeman (1980s) put forward a whole new idea in terms of corporate governance theories, he argued that it should not simply be just the shareholders or partners interests which should be considered when making business decisions, he suggested that companies should be ran with the interests of all stakeholders in mind.Other stakeholders include employees, who have i nvested their time and skills in the company and have an invested interest in the companys success, in order for them to ensure job security. This, Freeman classes as a direct interest in the success of the company, other direct stakeholders include customers and suppliers. What Freeman classed as having an indirect interest in the performance of the company includes the community as a whole and the environment (Having Their Cake, 2013).There is a major problem with this theory, which is that it is hard to operationalize because it is difficult to decide the weight that should be given to different stakeholders but accepting this difficulty, some theorists have suggested that while ultimately they are accountable to the shareholders, they must take into account the interests of other stakeholders when making decisions.This demand for stakeholder value is legitimised through a number of examples, take globalisation the spread of business and corporations across the world has led to environmental damage, an increase in corporate corruption and excessive executive pay has been, for example with RBS, to come hand-in-hand with company downsizing which has a direct impact on employees.In the name of good corporate governance, the increase in the value of stakeholder interests has led to an increase in business ethic codes and heightened corporate practice visibility and corporate reports of social responsibility and environmental matters (Having Their Cake, 2013). According to BDOs website and their Transparency Report (2012), the company takes the interests of various stakeholders into account when making decisions about how the business is run, in a number of different ways, through policies and procedures * Ethical RequirementsThe company has a Professional serve Manual and an Audit Manual, which contain rules relating to ethical conduct of employees, management and Partners. It is easily accessible on the company intranet and is supplemented with training and is designed to comply with International and UK ethical motive Standards. The Partners and staff sign annual declarations as to their compliance to the code and the company has an Ethics Partner who is tasked with providing guidance as to correct ethics and also with maintaining compliance. * knob RelationshipsBDO has 5 core values which all partners and staff are committed to, they are honesty and integrity, taking personal responsibility, mutual support and strong and personal client relationships. To aid in these values and to help deliver a quality service to clients, the company has robust client and engagement procedures. They carry out risk assessments on every potential client, before signing a contract and this helps to ensure that not only is the company secure but also that they provide the client with the sufficient standard and amount of staff they are in need of.The HR department also has clear policies and procedures when it comes to recruitment in training, to ensur e the company has a sufficient number of staff who are competent and meet the required ethical standards, all in the name of providing a quality service to clients. * Employee Relationships BDO have an inclusive culture when it comes to recruitment and training and development, it provides every staff member with the same opportunities to progress regardless of differences. They have strong policies and procedures regarding regular reviews, which are performed bi-annually.They also seek to adopt the most relevant recruitment selection tools, in order to ensure the fit and quality of those join the company. They also provide employees with learning maps and career and performance wheels, which helps with career development and ensures promotions only occur when the staff member is ready. This all aids in the success of the company. * Corporate Social Responsibility BDO actively support and develop the topical anesthetic community, they have an established network of over 20 champio ns in the UK, tasked with stimulating local ideas and initiatives to help developing the community.They have a Community Volunteering Policy, allowing employees to take 6 days a year to volunteer, and they are not restricted to volunteer at certain organisations. It can be whatever is important to them. BDO ensure the negative impact their business has on the environment is minimised and have an Environmental Policy which can be accessed at the follow address http//www. bdo. uk. com/about-us/corporate-social-responsibility/environment. Considering this, it could be said that with regards to stakeholder value BDO practices good corporate governance. . BDO Governance in Practice 3. 1. Transparency Report Due to the EUs 8th Directive on transparency reporting being adopted, in April 2008 the Professional Oversight Board published the Statutory Auditors (Transparency) pecker (2008), requiring auditors of companies with a public interest to publish annual transparency reports. It also d etailed requirements that such reports must meet, including systems of quality control, independence practices and procedures and information about the company, i. e. he structure and the management. The BDO Transparency Report (2012) is available at http//static. bdo. uk. com/assets/documents/2012/09/Transparency_Report_for_the_52_weeks_ended_29_June_2012. pdf . Transparency reports are used to demonstrate the quality of audit processes and practices of a company and are also used to encourage a high level of confidence and trust from stakeholders and the business community. BDO also provided a statement of compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code (2010), which can be seen in Appendix A.The transparency includes details of the Governance Structure of the UK Firm, including the management and implementation of independent non-executive directors, the values of the company, the Internal note Control System, the Risk Management Control System and details the policies and proced ures regarding independence, whistleblowing, schoolmaster development and partner remuneration. 3. 2. Statement of Compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code One of the most important aspects of the Transparency Report is the Statement of Compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code.Some of the key aspects of which include compliance with * the owner accountability principle- the Partnership Council reviews decisions made by the Leadership Team, the management * the management principle- strategic and operational leadership is provided by the LT * the professionalism principle- the whole firm is committed to quality work and professional judgement and values. The firms management and the Head of Risk and Quality reinforce the appropriate tone at the top, lend professional and ethical values in the firm.BDO employees are expected to comply with an internal code of conduct * the Involvement of independent non-executives principle- BDO appointed Independent Non-Executives in Ju ly 2008, comply with the same independence requirements as our partners and employees and they have sufficient experience and expertise to command the respect of the partners * the Compliance Principle- BDO have policies and procedures to ensure they comply with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements * the whistleblowing policy- all actions arising out of incidents of whistleblowing, are reported to the Head of Risk and Quality who will make an annual report the Internal Reporting Principle- LT, Partnership Council, Audit Committee and Risk Committee are supplied with information in a timely manner and in a form and of a quality which enables them to discharge their duties * the Financial Statements Principle- BDO publish annual audited financial statements in accordance with UK GAAP While BDO provide a very clear statement about how compliant they are with regards to the Audit Firm Governance Code, we must look at the FRCs BDO LLP- Audit Quality Ins pection, 2013 which considered the corporate governance compliance of BDO in order to get a true understanding of their standard of corporate governance compliance. 3. 3. FRC Annual Review of BDOThe FRC found that in most areas there were appropriate policies and procedures in place for its size and client base and they found that all the statements that were made in the Transparency Report were consistent with their understanding of BDOs policies and procedures of the firm. However, when the FRC reviewed the audits BDO carried out themselves on other companies, they found that a number of governance codes were not being adhered to * Firstly, they were not always providing a high standard of quality auditing, failing to challenge explanations and inputs from managers, they did not always report the disclosure deficiencies which were identified to the Audit Committee and there was a lack of adequate chat with the Audit Committee with regards to inaccurate information, which led to s afeguards that had been put in place not being properly assessed. Secondly, the FRC found that the audits were not always being reviewed exhaustively enough and audit quality issues and omissions in reports were not being identified. * Thirdly, BDO were found to not have complied fully with ethical standards in a number of different ways * The business plan inferred that fees should be set lower if non-audit fees are likely to be earned, this goes against their own required ethical standards and their own * Performance military rating criteria including the cross-selling of non-audit services * The list of entities which partners held shares and could generate a conflict of interests was not up to date. A more robust set of procedures was suggested to ensure that this list was kept up to date in future Lastly, the Internal Quality Review was not of a high enough standard, it did not provide a sufficient level of detail and clarity of explanations of significant findings. 4. Conclus ion We can see that BDO go to great lengths to try and ensure that they are fully compliant with corporate governance codes and regulations, not only with their policies and procedures and the way the company is managed but also with governance structure of the company and the values and focus of the aims and objectives of the company. They also have a strong focus on transparency and ethics within in their business and this is linked to their value of providing great customer client relationships with professionalism, honesty and integrity.They also go to great lengths to aid the companies with which they work, in complying with corporate governance codes, again this is all in the name of developing excellent quality and trustworthy client relationships, in order to maintain and improve the success of their business. However, as we can see from the FRC review, there are gaps in their governance compliance, in particular with internal reporting and ethical standards, but it will hav e to be seen in the coming years of reviews if the increase in transparency and an even greater focus on corporate governance will lead to BDO closing such gaps. 5. 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